Kroger argues the FTC having its own judges is unconstitutional:

https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/kr...024-08-19/

This could go a long way to pruning the executive branch if agencies can't run their own court systems.

Hope they win. This is yuge

Texas and Oregon (interesting two peas in the same pod) at least have the administrative law judges/hearings examiners in a separate executive agency distinct from the regulatory agencies. That's a step in the right direction, but I'd rather see Article III administrative law courts in every federal judicial district, with appeals up through the circuit courts of appeals instead of the DC Circuit. And when you have two different agencies giving you conflicting orders, you should be able to merge the cases before one administrative law court and get an answer that applies to both agencies.