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Experts: Ryan Widmer jurors' comments raise legal questions
Important legal concepts seem to have been lost on some Warren County jurors who convicted Ryan Widmer of murder, experts say, based on interviews reported in local news media since Tuesday’s verdict.
But Widmer’s lawyers have no recourse unless they can legally substantiate that jurors disobeyed orders, experts say.
Even so, the topic is worthy of public debate, “because we’re seeing an increasing trend of jurors disregarding judges’ simple instructions,” says attorney Mike Allen, a former Hamilton County prosecutor and municipal court judge.
Judge Neal Bronson clearly explained to the jury during Widmer’s 17-day trial:
• The defendant doesn’t have to prove he’s innocent; he’s presumed innocent and the prosecution must prove his guilt “beyond a reasonable doubt.”
• The defendant’s decision not to testify cannot be considered for any purpose.
• “Murder” is an intentional killing while “involuntary manslaughter” would be an assault that unintentionally caused a death.
Yet one juror, quoted by WKRC-TV, Channel 12, said, “It’s just the evidence, to us, did not prove innocence.”
Another juror, quoted in the Western Star, a Warren County newspaper, said: “The fact that we couldn’t hear Ryan’s side of the story was bad,” indicating he should have testified.
The Enquirer quoted a juror who said, “We think something happened and he just snapped,” a scenario that defense lawyer Mark Krumbein says appears to fit the legal definition of involuntary manslaughter, not murder.
Widmer’s jurors were given involuntary manslaughter as a choice, at the prosecutors’ request. That charge is less serious than murder and would have carried a maximum five-year prison term rather than 15-to-life.
After two mistrials, Widmer, 30, was convicted of murder Tuesday in the 2008 drowning of his wife, Sarah, 24.
Some jurors say they thought he drowned her in the toilet of their Hamilton Township home, even though prosecutors alleged Widmer’s wife was drowned in the bathtub.
“In order to commit a murder, you must have a clear intent to kill,” Krumbein said. “There has to be proof beyond a reasonable doubt that you wanted to kill that person. So, almost by definition, if someone ‘snapped,’ they’re not thinking about it, they’re not planning it, they just snapped and do it in an instant – and that would be a manslaughter.”
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The jurors’ remarks either suggest they either misunderstood what the judge said or “they may have disobeyed a direct order and violated their oath as jurors,” Krumbein said.
Thaddeus Hoffmeister of Wyoming, a law professor who studies juries, said if the juror’s quote about proving innocence is accurate, “It’s a violation of the defendant’s rights. They’re not supposed to consider whether he takes the stand. That shouldn’t come into consideration at all.”
Hoffmeister was in court during jury selection and heard Bronson tell prospective jurors that the burden of proof belongs to prosecutors – and the defense lawyers could sit and play Sudoku if they wanted to, instead of presenting any evidence at all.
That example made Hoffmeister chuckle, and he thought it pretty effectively illustrated the concept of burden of proof. “But jurors, they don’t get this idea that the defense doesn’t have to prove anything – no burden, no duty to prove anything,” Hoffmeister said.
Jurors’ quotes reported in media interviews wouldn’t be considered as evidence of anything in court, Hoffmeister said.
Widmer’s lawyers would have to obtain sworn affidavits attesting to the misunderstandings of the jurors’ duties, “and then it would be an uphill road,” he said.
“To get it overturned twice because of juror misconduct? I don’t know of a case where that’s happened,” Hoffmeister said.
Widmer was convicted at his first trial in 2009, but the conviction was thrown out because of juror misconduct. A jury deliberated 30 hours last year and was unable to reach the required unanimous decision. This year’s jury convicted him after 12 hours of deliberations.
Allen agreed the jurors’ reported remarks would be insufficient to warrant any meaningful change in the Widmer case. “All of those little things, cobbled together, would not merit the granting of a new trial or reversal on appeal,” he said.
The juror comment that irritates him most is the one about wanting to hear Widmer testify.
“It offends me greatly as a lawyer when I hear a juror say, ‘We wanted to hear from the defendant,’” Allen said. “I want to say, ‘Clean out your ears and listen to the very simple instruction that the judge gives you’ – and that instruction is not to hold it against the defendant if he does not testify.”
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Allen said he hears such comments in virtually every high-profile case, and it’s frustrating. “I want to say, ‘Were they even listening? Did they pay attention in high school civics?’”
But Christo Lassiter, a University of Cincinnati law professor, said the instruction to disregard whether the defendant testifies defies human nature. “It’s impossible for people to just discount the fact that Ryan Widmer did not testify,” he said.
Defense lawyer Lindsey Gutierrez didn’t want to comment on why Widmer hasn’t testified in any of his three trials. But she did refute some reports in the media.
“The theories that we had him videotaped or that he confessed to us are both incorrect,” she said, declining to elaborate.
She also didn’t want to say anything more about the concerns of possible juror misconduct that remain under investigation. Reports of jurors expressing opinions about Widmer to outsiders surfaced at mid-trial and defense lawyers shared those reports with the judge.
Bronson responded by giving more detailed warnings to the jurors, that they were forbidden from communicating about the case with anyone until the trial ended.
Gutierrez said she read the post-verdict juror interviews, which left her doubting that the jurors embraced definitions the judge gave. “If they were quoted correctly, yes, I’m concerned,” she said. “I don’t know if they didn’t understand or chose to ignore what they were told.”
She thinks it’s hard for people to see the difference between “innocent” – which means a person truly did not commit an act – and “not guilty” – a legal term meaning that proof of guilt was insufficient.
Gutierrez said she feels the defense team’s efforts were futile because, “unless we proved him innocent, they would have found him guilty no matter what.”
“But think about that concept: How do you prove somebody innocent?” she said.
Gutierrez also said she thinks jurors and people in general have trouble figuring out what guilty beyond a reasonable doubt means.
Judges and lawyers provide a lengthy discussion of that term in court, but, one general description they use is: “Proof beyond a reasonable doubt is proof of such character that an ordinary person would be willing to rely and act upon it in the most important of his own affairs.”
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Allen said the notions of presumed innocent, guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, presumption of innocence and a person’s constitutional right to remain silent are among “the most basic legal concepts that we have in American jurisprudence.”
Yet the instructions judges give on those concepts are either being misunderstood or ignored more often in recent years – a trend that he finds disturbing “as an attorney and a citizen.”
“That guy in the black robe up there is the boss of the trial and jurors need to listen to what he says,” Allen said. “This is not a sandlot football game where you make up the rules as you go along. Our method of determining guilt or innocence is sacred and the rules should be followed.”
http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20110...|FRONTPAGE