Tort costs aren't that big of an element and don't forget that a significant portion of malpractice expense is compensation to receive mitigating medical treatment to deal with malpractice harms. If you have some form of everyone covered, those costs can go away or be reduced.

One of the European countries, Denmark maybe, has dual system. You can be in the everyone system and if you need minor surgery you can end up waiting, you get a primary care doctor and can't change for six months. Consumer pays basically zip beyond taxes. Or you can go to into a private plan and get in faster to that precancerous blemish removed and go to any doctor on the plan. The everyone plan will pay 50% of whatever rate it has set and you or your private plan is responsible for the excess.

The thing about the various flavors other nations use is the price is the price for service. The private providers want to make a profit and can't bolster profit simply by increasing price, they have to figure out how to be more efficient.

We are growing medical school slots. Arkansas has gone from one medical school just three years ago to three now. The school at Arkansas State is now two years old and the private basically for-profit in Fort Smith is wrapping up its first year.

The choke point is residencies and the Federal government has capped how many it will reimburse, the growth that has taken place has been from hospitals funding those spots, most have been in Medicaid expansion states because hospitals in expansion states as a group are doing much better financially.