(08-01-2014 05:51 PM)JMUDunk Wrote: This is what I don't get. We keep hearing it has to come from bodily fluids- blood, diarrhea, maybe mucous (but I'd thought I'd heard not very likely) and not from simple contact or being in the same room etc.
So, WTF? Knowing the risks, obviously, being educated and health care practitioners, how the hell did these two or more come down with it?
sounds to me like this is yet another "it's not what we think we know, it's that we don't know what we don't know" situation.
If don't know how to cure this, I'd suggest we don't have half a friggin clue as to what we're even dealing with here.
Good times, we've got more schit coming over these borders, both invited and uninvited, I guess we'll get to see this shiny, new health insurance scheme work it's magic in short order.
We are, as a society, chronically stupid. over. and over. and over again.
It is known that the Ebola virus is transmitted by bodily fluid close contact from either a live infected person or the body of a victim. Health care workers or those in contact with victims/bodies are most likely to be infected, since they are the ones likely handling "bodily fluids". Ebola as a virus itself is relatively easy to neutralize through standard sterilization procedures but it is highly infectious to those who even get a small amount of 'fluid' contact, which then goes to the next victim through body fluid contact as well - either not washing hands, touching eyes, licking fingers, etc.
Basic containment measures work well against this type of virus, but the reason it is spreading so quickly *seems* to be 1) the poor villagers in Africa do not understand the virus and refuse to cooperate with health care workers and in turn handle victims, which makes their likelihood of infection very high and 2) third-world countries like the three W African ones dealing with the disease now have limited resources to stop the spread of the disease in uneducated communities.
Ebola is transmitted only after a victim begins to show symptoms of the disease and again can only be transmitted through bodily fluids. It has a 2-21 day incubation period before symptoms begin, after which it consists of two phases. The first is a flu-like phase with a sore throat, fever, headache, and overall pain. If infected persons recover quickly after this phase, they will likely survive. Basic measures to ensure no contamination occur are supposedly effective against the spread at this phase, since
bodily fluids are not easily transmitted yet.
However, the second phase is most deadly. In that phase, victims begin to have vomiting, diarrhea, impaired organ function, and sometimes external/internal bleeding. At this stage, mortality rate increases dramatically and it is more difficult for victims to survive. It is also a time of increased transmission to others. Contact with bodily fluids is extremely dangerous and is likely to result in cross-infection. It is more likely to occur, obviously, with the onset of bodily fluid release and bleeding.
So far, transmission to health care workers has been seen to occur only when proper infection control measures have not been observed - this means either a swath of clothing was not disinfected, a glove cross-contaminated onto a person's hand, or something similar has happened allowing for a possible transmission of the virus. The WHO states that when in close contact (within 1 meter) with a suspected EBV case, anyone should observe the following safety measures: face protection - shield/mask and goggles; clean, non-sterile long sleeved gown; and gloves (sterile for some procedures). Hand hygiene is repeatedly stressed as the most important infection control measure past the basic interaction safeties. If these measures are NOT fully and unequivocally followed then infection is possible. Environmental controls are likely also very important, since Ebola seems to thrive in warm, humid climates like sub-Saharan tropical Africa. It is thought that most "Patient Zero" cases may originate from eating infected bush meat, wild-caught animals of the tropical jungles and plains.
See source here:
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/
Fortunately, the U.S. has a strict regulatory procedure for dealing with infectious diseases and the likelihood of spread is not that high, considering the close proximity needed to transmit and the method of transmission being bodily fluids. If, perchance, the virus were to appear in the United States, infected persons would need to be immediately quarantined upon suspicion of the virus - which is likely only to be acquired through travel to West Africa. The start of the symptoms would be an essential time, especially vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding. However, it is common in the United States to typically take extreme measures to control and decontaminate these types of bodily fluids before they can infect others. It is standard practice at pretty much each American hospital that patients who have any sort of release of bodily fluids be treated as highly infectious, and I believe the American public would be even more paranoid about such a thing, careful to avoid anyone who is violently ill.